C++ Data Types

Data types in C++ are categorized into various types based on their functionality and characteristics. Here are the main data types:

1. Primitive Data Types

These are the basic data types in C++:

• int: Used to store integers (whole numbers). Example: int age = 25;
• float: Used to store floating-point numbers (numbers with a decimal point). Example: float weight = 72.5;
• double: Similar to float but with double precision. Example: double pi = 3.14159;
• char: Used to store a single character. Example: char grade = 'A';
• bool: Used to store boolean values (true or false). Example: bool isStudent = true;
• void: Represents the absence of type. Typically used for functions that do not return a value. Example: void functionName();

2. Derived Data Types

These data types are derived from the primitive data types:

• Arrays: Collection of elements of the same type. Example: int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
• Pointers: Used to store the address of another variable. Example: int* ptr = &age;
• References: An alias for another variable. Example: int& ref = age;

3. User-defined Data Types

These data types are defined by the user to create complex data structures:

• Structures: Used to group different types of data. Example: struct Person { string name; int age; };
• Unions: Similar to structures but members share the same memory location. Example: union Data { int i; float f; }
• Enums: Used to define a set of named integer constants. Example: enum Color { RED, GREEN, BLUE };
• Classes: Used to define objects with attributes and methods. Example: class Car { public: string brand; int speed; };